0:00 / 0:00

    Español

    l Grito de IpirangaE

    ¿Qué es el Grito de Ipiranga?

    Un 7 de septiembre de 1822 Pedro I declaró la independencia de Brasil del Imperio de Portugal.
    Fue un hecho inusual en Latinoamérica, pues la proclama se realizó prácticamente sin derramamiento de sangre, a diferencia de las guerras de independencia de las colonias hispanoamericanas.
    Brasil era la colonia más importante de Portugal en América, ¿qué tal si repasamos un poco los hechos? ¿Influyeron las ideas de la Revolución Francesa en este proceso?
    Brasil no escapó a la difusión de las ideas liberales. En 1789 influido por la revolución francesa y la independencia de Estados Unidos un ex oficial del ejército, que era también dentista, por eso lo llamaban “Tiradentes”, hizo un levantamiento social desde Minas Gerais. Si bien algunos grupos de estudiantes y sectores más radicales lo siguieron, no logró el apoyo de los comerciantes y hacendados. Fue ejecutado y el movimiento finalizó.
     

    End of free content.

    To continue, please LOG IN.
    If you don't have a subscription, please CLICK HERE to sign up to this program.

    Ingles

    {/mprestriction}
    The Cry of Ipiranga

    What is Ipiranga's Shout?

    On September 7, 1822, Peter I declared Brazil's independence from the Portuguese Empire.
    This was an unusual event in Latin America, as the proclamation was made with virtually no bloodshed, unlike the wars of independence in the Spanish American colonies.
    Brazil was Portugal's most important colony in the Americas, so how about going over the facts a little bit? Did the ideas of the French Revolution influence this process?
    Brazil did not escape the spread of liberal ideas. In 1789, influenced by the French Revolution and the independence of the United States, an ex-army officer, who was also a dentist, which is why he was called "Tiradentes", carried out a social uprising from Minas Gerais. Although some groups of students and more radical sectors followed him, he did not gain the support of the merchants and landowners. He was executed and the movement ended.
    And with Napoleon's invasion of the Iberian Peninsula, the Portuguese court was installed in Rio de Janeiro; that changed the situation, didn't it?
    Yes, what started this political change was, as in the Spanish colonies, this invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte to the Iberian Peninsula. The royal family went into exile in Brazil and Rio de Janeiro became the de facto capital of the entire Portuguese Empire. Brazil logically began to have many benefits, changed its status from colony to kingdom, formed the United Kingdom of Portugal Brazil and Algarve.
    With the court and all the administration of the empire in Brazil, a network of local businesses related to the monarchy was created. When in 1821 the Kings had to return to Portugal, (apparently they didn't want to be very happy in Brazil), they left their son Pedro as regent of Brazil.
    I imagine that this must have created a lot of instability in the sectors that had been enriched by the court in Brazil. They would ask: What will happen to our privileges, business, etc? Will Brazil be a colony again in every sense? Will it be possible to keep the peace? Exactly, these enriched sectors had a lot of uncertainty, Dom Pedro was a guarantee to continue with those privileges, but it was not enough. Although they were liberals, they wanted equality but only between whites born in Portugal and whites born in Brazil, they did not want equality for all people. The big landowners were slaveowners and were horrified at the thought of an uprising like the one in Haiti, for example.

    So, what happened?

    A dream came true for these commercial sectors and landowners, they achieved independence without war or social conflict affecting their economic life.

    What was it like?

    Faced with these pressures, Pedro declared himself emperor of Brazil, perhaps with his father's consent, in the so-called Grito de Ipiranga.

    Ipiranga is a small river near São Paulo, there Pedro declares: "Independence or death", although he knew that nobody was against independence, because nobody wanted to lose their privileges and acquired rights. So "death" was just an exclamation point. Without war, a negotiated change so that everything would remain the same and fundamentally, so that many sectors like the slave owners would maintain their rights.

    And the form of government was a constitutional monarchy, right?

    Yes, in this it was different from most Latin American countries. They opted for a constitutional monarchy, in the rest of Latin America they opted for the republican form of government, just like the United States. This constitutional monarchy of the new Brazil guaranteed some rights, while maintaining order and controlling social outbursts.

    The cry of Ipiranga is a clear example of a negotiated solution, to favor a sector of the population, not the majority. This is how independent Brazil was born.